A.M.X 13 On a landing craft of the Israeli navy 1968
A.M.X 13 of the 7th Brigade in the 60's
latrun memorial site
:27th Armored Brigade Memorial
A.M.X During 1967 Six Days War
1966
1965
In cooperation with the Israeli electronics firm Elbit and Nimda, has planned and prepared a prototype up-rated AMX-13 light tank. The IDF had operated some 200 of this type as its first modern tank, received just before the Sinai campaign (1956) and had made several modifications , especially in regard to improving its performance in severe desert conditions. It has been sold to several Asian countries, foremost Singapore . The Israelis had, over the years of its service life (3 AMX-13 battalions took active part in the fighting of the Six Day War in 1967), amassed a large amount of combat and maintenance experience with this vehicle .
Now this, as well anther expertise, has served well to bring about an excellent, original solution to the problem of modernizing the obsolete AMX-13 light and restoring its service life for modern tank combat, especially for those countries whose economic infrastructure requires tanks of less than 25 ton ,due to restricted bridge-crossing capabilities or limited gauge rail systems for transportation .
The new combat profile of the Nimda AMX 13 is powered by the DDA-6V- 53 T Diesel engine which produces 275 hp at 2800rpm (the original SOFAM petrol engine produced 240 hp at 3200rpm), and weighs 612 kg .
A major problem - to refit the tank with its new DDA power train required a modification of the engine, enabling it to be fitted into the restricted engine department space with an angle inclination adapted base produced by the Detroit manufactures and specially designed for the project. The improved automation, which includes a dry type, mechanically actuated clutch and cooling system (a marked improvement ove the original problematic hot climate system which caused much trouble), increases the modernized AMX -13's range by 150 km .
A dramatic improvement in the tank's combat effectiveness is obtained by the inclusion of the Elbit LANCELOT Fire Control System, which greatly enhances the day or night combat capability, as well as first hit probability, thereby increasing survivability by reducing exposure time ; the original shape and low silhouette gave it excellent hull-down position selection capacity .
The Elbit LANCELOT system improves the first round hit probability by correcting the relevant systematic errors that occur when firing against stationary or moving targets with the aid of a digital computer , laser rangefinder and second-generation image intensifier. Gunner's day and night sight and an optional commander's control unit enable the crew to function excellently in two-man turret .
The main armament, originally the 75 mm HV gun (IDF) and up gunned versions, 90 mm (France) or 105 mm (Netherlands), can be retained to function with the modernized system. With long rod ammunition, the armour-piercing performance can be enhanced considerably with high cost effectiveness
1967
IDF forces leaving Gazza after 1956 war
Rare 8 mm home film from the Six Days War 1967
in Sinai including IDF A M X unit tank in Sharem EL Shieke
A Tiran crew ready to move on the 1973 Jerusalem IDF parade
Rare picture of IDF Tiran 4 based on the original 100 mm Soviet gun used in the T54
Tiran during firing training
Tiran Dozer
A Tiran crew during a drill in Sinai in the 70's
The T54 was designed during the mid to late 1940s. First production models with an early pattern turret were started rolling off assembly lines in 1949. the new tank would incorperate the D-10 100mm gun originally intended for a SU anti tank vehicle similiar to the SU-85. This gun specifically and the T-54 in general would send the western allies scrambling for a comparible weapon during the early part of the 1950s culminating in the adoption of the British L68 105 mm rifled main gun as the NATO standard.
The T-54 would recieve numerous upgrades during the early 1950s. some of which included amin gun stabilization, night fighting equipment and a fume extractor at the end of the barrel. The T54 would be licenced produced in many warsaw pact countries as well as in China under the T-59 designation. The next step in the evolution was the advent of the T-55 series. Although very similiar to the T-54, The T55 had numerous improvements over the T-54 series. The most notable difference between the two was the deletion of the ventilator dome in front of the loader. There were also more important shanges in automotive ability as well as an eventual laser range finder.
The next step in soviet tank evolution was the T-62. although similar in general appearence to the earlier T-54/55 series, the T62 was a very different tank. The turret on the T-62 has a more balistic form and is a single peice casting. main armament is a 115 mm main gun. the engine deck also has minor changes as well from the T-55 series. The Hull of the T-62 is longer and wider than the t-55. Two quick ways to Identify a T62 from a T-55 is the location of the fume extractor on the barrel. on the T-62 it is about a third down from the point , on the T-55 it is literally at point of the barrel. the second way is the spacing of the road wheels. where the T55 has a space between the first and second road wheels the T-62 has a space between the third and fourtha as well as between fourth and fifth.
The IDF Tiran
The is the name given to this series of vehicle in the IDF. Although there is some debate as to its origin, It most likely comes from the primary cause of the Six Day war, which was the closing of the Straights of Tiran. For certain however the designation Ti-67 is a Janes or other printing house fantasy or a miscopy that became its nickname. The First Tirans came into IDF hands during the Six Day War. These were mostly late model T-54s as distiguished by the roof top ventilator although some T-55s were captured as well. While exact numbers are not known, enough were captured to arm at least 3 battalions during the 1973 Yom Kippur war. Following the Yom Kippur war even more t54/55s were captured as well as the latest T-62s. Again while exact numbers are not known, it wouldn't be far fetched to say enough vehicles were captured to equip a number of brigades.
Acccording to IDF designations there are three Tirans, Tiran4, 5, and 6. Four for theT-54, five for the T-55 and Six for the T-62. While there have numerous updates and modifications of the Tirans I have been unable to find any sub designations for them. or rather any IDF designationtions media ones abound. The IDF also made use of a number of support vehicle based on the T-55 chassis such as bridgelayers and engineer vehicles. To the best of my knowledge these retained their Identification numbers and few modifications other than radio equipment were made to the vehicles.
Like most other tools the IDF began an almost immediate improvement project to modify and upgrade the captured vehicles. Some vehicles are seen with early straight barrel 100mm guns and only two water cans added to the rear of theturret. By 1973 the 100mmm gun is repalced by the standard 105mm found on western tanks, now built under license in Israel. This was possibly the hardest modification as it entailed flipping the Breach so it could be loaded from the right side.extra antenna mounts were added . By 1973 only the rear stowage basket, the affore mentioned 105mm modification. 2 watercan holders were placed behind the loader,along with a small storage box. the vehicles seen were armed with one .30 cal. crew served weapon mounted sectraly on the turret top.
The hard lessons learned during the Yom kippur war brought about a lot of doctrinal chnages in the IDF, as well as physical changes to it armour fleet. By the late 70s early 80s. The changes no seen in the Blast and Legend update sets were in place. By the end of the 80s the main battle tank version of the T55 series were withdrawn fiom service. T54/55 series hulls however were modified into APCs using the latest modular armour technology. This gave mechnized infantry the same protection on the battlefield as any tank enhancing crew survivability.
Israel has had so much experience with Soviet armour they now sell upgrade packages to almost all the former Soviet client states. Israeli test beds have included blazer packages, Merkava style turret basket and Urdn style cupolas. While the T54/55/62 series is concidered obsolete in the european arena, they still soldier on in many third world countries. Israeli influence can clearly be seen in communist China's up graded armour fleet. The T54/55 definitely has made a place for itself in armour history, along with tanks like the Sherman, Centurion and Patton
